HOW TO USE Attrib COMMANDS

what is attrib command?

                      The attrib commands is a Recovery Condole command used to change the fill attributes for a file or directory while in recovery Console.

                      An attib command is also available from the command prompt.

Attrib Command syntax:

               attrib [+r|-r] [+s|-s] [+h|-h] [+c|-c] [file name]

               +r = this assigns the read only file attribute  to the file or directory.

               -r = This removes the read only attribute.

               +s = This assigns the system file attribute to the file or directory.

               -s = This removes the system attributes.

               +h = This assigns the hidden file attribute to the file or directory.

               -h = This removes the hidden attribute.

               +c = This assigns the compressed file attribute to the file or directory.

                -c = This removes the compressed attribute.

                file name = This is the file or directory that you are wanting to change the attributes.

Attrib Command Examples:

                    attrib +r c:\windows\system\secret folder

            In the above example, the attrib command is used to turn on the read only attribute, using the +r option, for the secret folder directory located in  c:\windows\system.

                    attrib -h c:\config.sys

            In this example, the config.sys file located in the root directory of the c: drives has it hidden file attribute cleared by the use of the -h option.

                   attrib -r -s -h /s /d "folder name"

          

             This command will remove attributes for all files folder and sub folders:r-read only s-system file h-hidden file the processing matching files and all sub folders.

                   attrib -h -r -s /s /d "folder name"

             This command is used to lock drivers or folders just alter "-" with "+". 

                  

Disk Defragment

What is disk defragmentation?

                  Disk defragmentation is the process of consolidating fragmented data on a volume(such as a hard disk or a storage device) so it will work more efficiently.

                  Fragmentation happens to a volume over time as you save, change, or delete files. The change that you save to a file are often stored in a place in the volume than the original file. this doesn't change where the file appears in windows only where the bits of information that make up the file are stored on the actual volume itself become fragmented, and your computer slows down as it has to look in different places to open a single file.

                 Disk defragmenter is a tool that rearranges the data on your volume and reunites fragmented data so your computer can run more efficiently, In this version of windows, Disk defragmenter runs on a schedule so your don't have to remember to run it, although you can still run it manually or change the schedule it uses.

Step by step procedure

Step 1: Uninstall any programs you don't use or need. It's best uninstall programs prior to a defragmentation, as the newly-acquired free space will generally be located all over the hard drive, thereby giving rise to fragmentation.

Step 2: Make sure the all unnecessary programs are closed.

Step 3: Cancel any programs that are scheduled to run. If you have not manually scheduled any programs to run, the skip this step.

Step 4: Delete any temporary files. This is done by running disk cleanup. To run the programs, go to:
START -> Run, and the cleanmgr in the window.

Step 5: Run the Disk Defragmented programs. Go to START - Run, and enter dfrg.msc in the window. A window that is similar to the one below should appear:

                    

•   Select the particular disk.
•   Click to analyze button
•   Analyze the disk drives
•   After, Click to defragment button
•   Automatically rearrange the disks.